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1995-04-27
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READING COMPREHENSION
RESEARCH FINDING:
Children get more out of a reading assignment when the teacher
precedes the lesson with background information and follows it
with discussion.
COMMENT:
Young readers, and poor readers of every age, do not consistently
see connections between what they read and what they already
know. When they are given background information about the
principal ideas or characters in a story before they read it,
they are less apt to become sidetracked or confused and are more
likely to understand the story fully. Afterwards, a question-
and-answer discussion session clarifies, reinforces, and extends
their understanding.
Good teachers begin the day's reading lesson by preparing chil-
dren for the story to be read--introducing the new words and
concepts they will encounter. Many teachers develop their own
introductions or adapt those offered in teachers' manuals.
Such preparation is like a road map: children need it because
they may meet new ideas in the story and because they need to be
alerted to look for certain special details. Children who are
well prepared remember a story's ideas better than those who are
not.
In the discussion after the reading lesson, good teachers ask
questions that probe the major elements of the story's plot,
characters, theme, or moral. ("Why did Pinocchio's nose grow?
Why did he lie? What did his father think about his lying? Did
their feelings for each other change?") Such questions achieve
two purposes: they check students' understanding of what they
have just read, and they highlight the kind of meanings and ideas
students should look for in future reading selections. These
questions also lay the groundwork for later appreciation of the
elements of literature such as theme and style.
When children take part in a thought-provoking discussion of a
story, they understand more clearly that the purpose of reading
is to get information and insight, not just to decode the words
on a page.
Beck, I. L., McCaslin, E. S., and McKeown, M. G. (l98l). "Basal
Readers' Purpose for Story Reading: Smoothly Paving the Road or
Setting Up a Detour?" The Elementary School Journal, Vol. 8l,
No. 3, pp. l56-l6l.
Durkin, D. (l983). Is There a Match Between What Elementary
Teachers Do and What Basal Reader Manuals Recommend? Urbana,
IL: University of Illinois, Center for the Study of Reading.
Reading Ed. Rep. No. 44. ERIC Document No. ED 235470.
Hansen, J. (l98l). "The Effects of Inference Training and Prac-
tice on Young Children's Reading Comprehension." Reading Re-
search Quarterly, Vol. l6, No. 3, pp. 39l-4l7.
Mason, J. (l983). "An Examination of Reading Instruction in
Third and Fourth Grades." The Reading Teacher, Vol. 36, No. 9,
pp. 906-9l3.
Mason, J., and Osborn, J. (l983). When Do Children Begin "Read-
ing to Learn?": A Survey of Classroom Reading Instruction Prac-
tices in Grades Two Through Five. Urbana, IL: University of
Illinois, Center for the Study of Reading. Tech. Rep. No. 26l.
ERIC Document No. ED 220805.